Is It Skin Cancer or a Sun Spot?

Medically reviewed Devon Y. Lor MSN RN, quality health integration clinical manager at Network Health

Like the rest of the body, the skin undergoes changes as you age. Eventually, you'll notice that your skin doesn't bounce back like it once did, and you may observe more discoloration appearing across multiple areas.

This discoloration, known as hyperpigmentation, can be concerning. When these areas of hyperpigmentation occur, it’s natural to wonder whether they are harmless sun spots or possibly skin cancer. While nothing can replace a proper examination and diagnosis overseen by your personal doctor, there are some things you can educate yourself on to better understand when to be concerned.

How and Why Do Skin Sun Spots Form?

It’s important to note that hyperpigmentation is common. While you may not enjoy the appearance of darker spots on your skin, they are, in some ways, a natural part of the aging process. Sun spots, also called age spots or liver spots, are one such occurrence that commonly develops as people age.

Sun spots are small, flat, dark areas of the skin. They are caused by exposure to the sun resulting in an overproduction of melanin, so they will typically first appear on areas of the skin that have received significant sun exposure during one’s lifetime. This generally includes the hands, face, upper back and tops of feet. Some people may mistake them for potentially cancerous growths, however, they do not require any treatment.

Are Freckles the Same as Sun Spots?

Freckles are closely related to sun spots in many ways, as they also develop due to sun exposure and an overabundance of melanin. But they are not exactly the same and it may be difficult to determine the difference. Sun spots will be larger and less closely grouped together than freckles. Freckles usually appear at a young age, are based on genetics and fade over time, whereas sun spots usually manifest as people age.

[Read more: Medications That Can Cause Sun Sensitivity or Sunburn]

Difference Between a Sun Spot or Age Spot vs Melanoma

It may not always be obvious when you should see a dermatologist. Sun spots can range from a tan to dark brown color, making them look like moles. Of course, new or abnormal-looking moles are more concerning, as they have the potential to be malignant.

It may be difficult to determine if a new hyperpigmented area on the skin is an age spot or a mole without consulting a dermatologist, but there are some indicators you can look for to help you determine whether it may be an area of concern. It’s called the ABCDE rule.

Asymmetry – There is a difference in appearance between two halves.

Borders – The border around the spot is poorly defined or irregular.

Color – There is color variation from area of the spot to the next, whether brown, tan, white, black, red or blue.

Diameter – The spot is larger than 6 millimeters in diameter.

Evolving – The spot is changing in appearance or size over time.

Though these ABCDE guidelines are generally used in the monitoring or assessment of moles, you can use them to monitor sun spots as well. This way, if there is any doubt whether the area is truly a sun spot, you know what factors to keep an eye on.

The effects of long-term sun exposure on the skin are irreversible. Although some sun spots may fade over time, they won't disappear completely. Nevertheless, it's crucial to take steps to protect your skin from ultraviolet light, regardless of your age. Fortunately, we've compiled a comprehensive guide on what you can do to prevent skin cancer, along with important risk factors to consider. Check it out through the link below on contact us at Network Health about any questions regarding your health plan’s coverage for dermatology services.

[Read more: Skin Cancer is a Serious Risk. Here’s How to Stay Safe.]